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A cellular automaton consists of a grid of 'cells' which can be in multiple different states, and a set of rules for how to change those cells' states. Each time the set of rules is applied, a 'generation' is said to have passed, and upon repeatedly advancing generations, interesting patterns can form.
Further reading about cellular automata: https://conwaylife.com/wiki/Cellular_automaton
Rules in cellular automata that I have discovered:
Just Gliders: Hensel notation B2-a3i4c5i/S12-k8, contains a 4-cell elementary rake and several small spaceships (<10 cells) of 4 different speeds.